In 1960, Abraham Robinson established the framework in which the
existence of
infinitesimals is made precise. He showed that we may construct
enlargements of ultrapowers in such a way
that a mathematical structure contained in the ultrapower is embedded in
the enlargement, and so that true statements about the embedded structure
are true for the enlarged structure, and visa versa (with suitable
interpretation). This construction, when applied to the real numbers,
results in an enlarged totally ordered field containing infinite as well
as infinitesimals along with finite real numbers.
NSA in
economics
Books on NSA
NSA
NSA
NSA
Papers
by Jerome Keisler
NSA in
probability
Hypercomplex Polynomials
Nonstandard
analysis
What is
nonstandard analysis?
NSA and
philosophy
Hyperreal Numbers
Hyperreal
Structures ...
Nonstandard
analysis and its applications
